{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:04:14Z","timestamp":1781103854280,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]},"abstract":"\n Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n is a spore-forming bacterium that causes anthrax in humans and in other mammals. The glycoprotein BclA (\n Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n collagen-like protein of\n anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n ) is a major constituent of the exosporium, the outermost surface of\n B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n spores. The glycosyl part of BclA is an oligosaccharide composed of 2-\n O<\/jats:italic>\n -methyl-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamido)-4,6-dideoxy-\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -glucose, referred to as anthrose, and three rhamnose residues. A structure similar to anthrose, 4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamido)-4,6-dideoxy-\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -glucose is found in the side chain of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of\n Shewanella<\/jats:italic>\n spp. MR-4. Under certain growth conditions the bacteria produce a variant CPS lacking one methyl group on the hydroxybutyrate, 4-(3-hydroxybutanamido)-4,6-dideoxy-\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -glucose. Contrary to anthrose, neither of the\n Shewanella<\/jats:italic>\n CPSs is 2-\n O<\/jats:italic>\n methylated. Here, we report that both\n Shewanella<\/jats:italic>\n CPS variants react with anti-\n B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n spore sera. We also found that these antisera reacted with flagellae of\n Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>\n , reported to be glycosylated with a similar terminal saccharide, 4-(3-hydroxybutanamido)-4,6-dideoxy-2-\n O<\/jats:italic>\n -methyl-\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -glucose. Sera produced by immunization with\n Shewanella<\/jats:italic>\n or\n P. syringae<\/jats:italic>\n cells bound to\n B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n spores but not to\n Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n spores in a fluorescent microscopy assay. These experiments show that methylation of the anthrose at the\n O-<\/jats:italic>\n 2 of the sugar ring and at the\n C<\/jats:italic>\n -3 of 3-hydroxybutyrate are not essential for induction of cross-reactive antibodies. We report the preparation, characterization, and antibody responses to protein conjugates of the two variants of\n Shewanella<\/jats:italic>\n CPS. Both conjugates induced antibodies that bound to both\n Shewanella<\/jats:italic>\n CPS variants by ELISA and to\n B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n spores, as detected by fluorescent microscopy. We propose the use of\n Shewanella<\/jats:italic>\n CPS conjugates as a component of an anthrax vaccine.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803897105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,18]],"date-time":"2008-06-18T21:35:49Z","timestamp":1213824949000},"page":"8709-8712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Saccharides cross-reactive with\n Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n spore glycoprotein as an anthrax vaccine component"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kubler-Kielb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeny","family":"Vinogradov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Leppla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Schneerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.3.182"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6312-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"270","volume-title":"Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology","author":"Williams RP","year":"1986","unstructured":"RP Williams, Bacillus anthracis and other spore forming bacilli. Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology, eds AI Braude, LE Davis, J Fierer (Saunders, Philadelphia), pp. 270\u2013278 (1986)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401613200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200601245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2005.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200502615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo070750s"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200602048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2005.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00500-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6215(91)84071-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01899-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28788-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.661-664.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4549-4558.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.11.085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91837-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.682-693.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.157.3.708-711.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Immunity to Hemophilus influenzae type b. I. The isolation, and some physicochemical, serologic and biologic properties of the capsular polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae type b","volume":"107","author":"Rodrigues LP","year":"1971","unstructured":"LP Rodrigues, R Schneerson, JB Robbins, Immunity to Hemophilus influenzae type b. I. The isolation, and some physicochemical, serologic and biologic properties of the capsular polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae type b. J Immunol 107, 1071\u20131080 (1971).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00674.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Extraction with phenol-water and further application of the procedure","volume":"5","author":"Westphal O","year":"1965","unstructured":"O Westphal, K Jann, Extraction with phenol-water and further application of the procedure. Methods Carbohydr Chem 5, 83\u201391 (1965).","journal-title":"Methods Carbohydr Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.152.2.361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.12.4450-4458.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(96)00033-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"553","article-title":"Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis: Genetic and physiological study","volume":"124","author":"Schaeffer P","year":"1963","unstructured":"P Schaeffer, H Ionesco, A Ryter, G Balassa, Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis: Genetic and physiological study. Colloq Int CNRS 124, 553\u2013563 (1963).","journal-title":"Colloq Int CNRS"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00738.x"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0803897105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T16:39:51Z","timestamp":1649781591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0803897105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0803897105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0803897105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-02-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-06-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}