{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:14:31Z","timestamp":1792595671398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"50","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Uterine leiomyomata (fibroids) are the leading cause of hysterectomy in the United States. Black women have a greater fibroid burden than whites, yet no study has systematically evaluated the growth of fibroids in blacks and whites. We prospectively tracked growth for 262 fibroids (size range: 1\u201313 cm in diameter) from 72 premenopausal participants (38 blacks and 34 whites). Fibroid volume was measured by computerized analysis of up to four MRI scans over 12 months. We used mixed effects models to identify factors that are associated with growth, and results were converted to percent change per 6 months for clinical relevance. The median growth rate was 9% (range: \u221289% to +138%). Seven percent of fibroids regressed (&gt;20% shrinkage). Tumors from the same woman grew at different rates (within-woman component of variation was twice the component among women; both were significant,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Black and white women less than 35 years of age had similar fibroid growth rates. However, growth rates declined with age for whites but not for blacks (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.05). The odds of a tumor growing more than 20% in 6 months also decreased with age for whites but not for blacks (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01). Growth rates were not influenced by tumor size, location, body mass index, or parity. We conclude that (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) spontaneous regression of fibroids occurs; (\n                    <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) fibroids from the same woman grow at different rates, despite a uniform hormonal milieu; (\n                    <jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) fibroid size does not predict growth rate; and (\n                    <jats:italic>iv<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) age-related differences in fibroid growth between blacks and whites may contribute to the higher symptom burden for black women.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808188105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T23:49:29Z","timestamp":1228175369000},"page":"19887-19892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":308,"title":["Growth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black and white women"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Shyamal D.","family":"Peddada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon K.","family":"Laughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Miner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Guyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory Systems, Durham, NC 27713;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Haneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory Systems, Durham, NC 27713;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Vahdat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory Systems, Durham, NC 27713;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Semelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ania","family":"Kowalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics\/Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Armao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Women's Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna Day","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Hysterectomy rates in the United States 1990\u20131997","volume":"99","author":"Farquhar CM","year":"2002","unstructured":"CM Farquhar, CA Steiner, Hysterectomy rates in the United States 1990\u20131997. Obstet Gynecol 99, 229\u2013234 (2002).","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000234651.41000.58"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00534-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"483","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomas. Racial differences in severity, symptoms and age at diagnosis","volume":"41","author":"Kjerulff KH","year":"1996","unstructured":"KH Kjerulff, P Langenberg, JD Seidman, PD Stolley, GM Guzinski, Uterine leiomyomas. Racial differences in severity, symptoms and age at diagnosis. J Reprod Med 41, 483\u2013490 (1996).","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"ER Myers et al. Management of uterine fibroids (Evidence Report\/Technology Assessment No. 34 Contract 290\u201397-0014 to the Duke Evidence-Based Practice Center). AHRQ Publication No. 01-E052.  (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Rockville MD 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"431","article-title":"Self-reported heavy bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomata","volume":"101","author":"Wegienka G","year":"2003","unstructured":"G Wegienka, et al., Self-reported heavy bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomata. 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Comprehensive Gynecology, eds V Katz, G Lentz, R Lobo, D Gershenson (Mosby, 5th Ed., St. Louis, 2007).","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03622-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39903-2_18"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0808188105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T18:13:12Z","timestamp":1649787192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0808188105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"50","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0808188105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0808188105","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.723920028.793507538","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-08-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-12-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}