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Here, we show in murine models that inhibition of IKK\u03b2-dependent NF-\u03baB activation exacerbates acute inflammation, but attenuates chronic inflammatory disease in the intestinal tract. Acute ulcerating inflammation is aggravated because of diminished NF-\u03baB-mediated protection against epithelial cell apoptosis and delayed mucosal regeneration secondary to reduced NF-\u03baB-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells that secrete cytoprotective factors. In contrast, in IL-10-deficient mice, which serve as a model of chronic T cell-dependent colitis, ablation of IKK\u03b2 in the intestinal epithelium has no impact, yet IKK\u03b2 deficiency in myeloid cells attenuates inflammation and prolongs survival. These results highlight the striking context and tissue dependence of the proinflammatory and antiapoptotic functions of NF-\u03baB. Our findings caution against the therapeutic use of IKK\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB inhibitors in acute inflammatory settings dominated by cell loss and ulceration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808216105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T21:07:01Z","timestamp":1222290421000},"page":"15058-15063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Opposing functions of IKK\u03b2 during acute and chronic intestinal inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Lars","family":"Eckmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Nebelsiek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Fingerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Dann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Mages","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; 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