{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:44:40Z","timestamp":1791085480886,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    How do we acquire immune tolerance against food microorganisms and commensal bacteria that constitute the intestinal microbiota? We investigated this by stimulating the immune system of adults with commensal\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria. We studied the in vivo human responses to\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Healthy adults ingested preparations of living and heat-killed\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria. Biopsies were taken from the intestinal duodenal mucosa and altered expression profiles were analyzed using whole-genome microarrays and by biological pathway reconstructions. Expression profiles of human mucosa displayed striking differences in modulation of NF-\u03baB-dependent pathways, notably after consumption of living\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria in different growth phases. Our in vivo study identified mucosal gene expression patterns and cellular pathways that correlated with the establishment of immune tolerance in healthy adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809919106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]],"date-time":"2009-02-03T22:54:15Z","timestamp":1233701655000},"page":"2371-2376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":347,"title":["Differential NF-\u03baB pathways induction by\n                    <i>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/i>\n                    in the duodenum of healthy humans correlating with immune tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"van Baarlen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy J.","family":"Troost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"van Hemert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"NIZO Food Research, PO Box 20, 6710 BA, Ede, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"NIZO Food Research, PO Box 20, 6710 BA, Ede, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem M.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Agnes Sjobergin katu 2, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido J. 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