{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:43:46Z","timestamp":1792115026597,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Protection against coastal disasters has been identified as an important service of mangrove ecosystems. Empirical studies on this service have been criticized, however, for using small samples and inadequately controlling for confounding factors. We used data on several hundred villages to test the impact of mangroves on human deaths during a 1999 super cyclone that struck Orissa, India. We found that villages with wider mangroves between them and the coast experienced significantly fewer deaths than ones with narrower or no mangroves. This finding was robust to the inclusion of a wide range of other variables to our statistical model, including controls for the historical extent of mangroves. Although mangroves evidently saved fewer lives than an early warning issued by the government, the retention of remaining mangroves in Orissa is economically justified even without considering the many benefits they provide to human society besides storm-protection services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810440106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,21]],"date-time":"2009-04-21T04:11:14Z","timestamp":1240287074000},"page":"7357-7360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":480,"title":["Mangroves protected villages and reduced death toll during Indian super cyclone"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Saudamini","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swami Shradhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India;"},{"name":"Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi 110007, India; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2005.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"After the Tsunami: Rapid Environmental Assessment","year":"2006","unstructured":"After the Tsunami: Rapid Environmental Assessment (United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-007-9152-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1641\/B570202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.311.5757.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2005.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppees.2007.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-006-0015-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5983(98)00024-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009928003700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11273-005-5388-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Mangroves v. tidal waves","volume":"4","author":"Chapman VJ","year":"1971","unstructured":"VJ Chapman, Mangroves v. tidal waves. Biol Conserv 4, 39 (1971).","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(71)90053-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892905001967"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Orissa Super Cyclone","author":"Gupta MC","year":"2000","unstructured":"MC Gupta, VK Sharma Orissa Super Cyclone (New United Press, New Delhi) 99 (2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","volume-title":"Report on Hydrological Study of Orissa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Report on Hydrological Study of Orissa (Water Resource Department, State Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar, India, 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","volume-title":"A Review of Different Storm Surge Models and Estimated Storm Surge Height in Respect of Orissa Supercyclonic Storm of 29 October, 1999","author":"Kalsi SR","year":"2004","unstructured":"SR Kalsi, N Jayanthi, SK Roy Bhowmik A Review of Different Storm Surge Models and Estimated Storm Surge Height in Respect of Orissa Supercyclonic Storm of 29 October, 1999 (Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi, 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Forest, Wildlife, Environment","author":"Choudury BP","year":"1994","unstructured":"BP Choudury Forest, Wildlife, Environment, ed MV Subha Rao (Andhra Univ Press, Visakhapatnam, India), pp. 33\u201341 (1994)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","volume-title":"Application of Remote Sensing for Coastal Habitat Studies in Mangroves in Bhitarkanika Sanctuary, Orissa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Application of Remote Sensing for Coastal Habitat Studies in Mangroves in Bhitarkanika Sanctuary, Orissa (Department of Science and Technology, State Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar, India, 2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0327.2007.00174.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"The State of Forest Report","year":"2001","unstructured":"The State of Forest Report (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, Dehradun, 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.320.5873.176b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-006-9076-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355770X06003135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NHAZ.0000023362.26409.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","volume-title":"Orissa District Gazetteers, Cuttack","year":"1996","unstructured":"Orissa District Gazetteers, Cuttack (Department of Revenue, State Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar, India, 1996)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0016-7363.2006.00679.x"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0810440106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T17:19:56Z","timestamp":1649783996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0810440106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0810440106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0810440106","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-05-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}