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To test this possibility, we disrupted exon 11 of MOR-1, which eliminates all of the variants that do not contain exon 1. Morphine and methadone analgesia in the exon 11 knockout mouse was normal, but the analgesic actions of heroin, M6G, and fentanyl were markedly diminished in the radiant heat tail-flick and hot-plate assays. Similarly, the ability of M6G to inhibit gastrointestinal transit was greatly diminished in these exon 11 knockout mice, whereas the ability of morphine was unchanged. These findings identify receptors selectively involved with heroin and M6G actions and confirm the relevance of the exon 11-associated variants and raise important issues regarding the importance of atypical truncated G-protein-coupled receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811586106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,9]],"date-time":"2009-03-09T21:39:22Z","timestamp":1236634762000},"page":"4917-4922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Ying-Xian","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan\u2013Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan\u2013Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan\u2013Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace C.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.W. 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