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Here we show that newborn infants spontaneously associate stationary, visual-spatial arrays of 4\u201318 objects with auditory sequences of events on the basis of number. Their performance provides evidence for abstract numerical representations at the start of postnatal experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812142106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,11]],"date-time":"2009-06-11T21:32:54Z","timestamp":1244755974000},"page":"10382-10385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":605,"title":["Newborn infants perceive abstract numbers"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Izard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coralie","family":"Sann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8158, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Spelke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlette","family":"Streri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8158, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","volume-title":"The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics","author":"Dehaene S","year":"1997","unstructured":"S Dehaene The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics (Oxford Univ Press, New York, 1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"The Mathematical Brain","author":"Butterworth B","year":"1999","unstructured":"B Butterworth The Mathematical Brain (Macmillan, London, 1999)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05850"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(99)00066-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(03)00050-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.01453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2005.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6623069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(90)90001-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.3.423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.23.5.665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508107103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.04.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2005.00429.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2006.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858409333073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00036-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1130308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2008.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.9.3.320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"445","volume-title":"Animal Cognition","author":"Church RM","year":"1984","unstructured":"RM Church, WH Meck, The numerical attribute of stimuli. 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