{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:51:30Z","timestamp":1791874290127,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In mycobacteria, F\n                    <jats:sub>420<\/jats:sub>\n                    , a deazaflavin derivative, acts as a hydride transfer coenzyme for an F\n                    <jats:sub>420<\/jats:sub>\n                    -specific glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Fgd). Physiologically relevant reactions in the mycobacteria that use Fgd-generated reduced F\n                    <jats:sub>420<\/jats:sub>\n                    (F\n                    <jats:sub>420<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) are unknown. In this work, F\n                    <jats:sub>420<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    was found to be oxidized by NO only in the presence of oxygen. Further analysis demonstrated that NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , produced from NO and O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , was the oxidant. UV-visible spectroscopic and NO-sensor-based analyses proved that F\n                    <jats:sub>420<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduced NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    to NO. This reaction could serve as a defense system for\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which is more sensitive to NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    than NO under aerobic conditions. Activated macrophages produce NO, which in acidified phagosomes is converted to NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Hence, by converting NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    back to NO with F\n                    <jats:sub>420<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    could decrease the effectiveness of antibacterial action of macrophages; such defense would correspond to active tuberculosis conditions where the bacterium grows aerobically. This hypothesis was consistent with the observation that a mutant strain of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a nonpathogenic relative of\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which either did not produce or could not reduce F\n                    <jats:sub>420<\/jats:sub>\n                    , was \u22484-fold more sensitive to NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    than the wild-type strain. The phenomenon is reminiscent of the anticancer activity of \u03b3-tocopherol, which reduces NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    to NO and protects human cells from NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced carcinogenesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812883106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,26]],"date-time":"2009-03-26T21:29:49Z","timestamp":1238102989000},"page":"6333-6338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Conversion of NO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    to NO by reduced coenzyme F\n                    <sub>420<\/sub>\n                    protects mycobacteria from nitrosative damage"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Endang","family":"Purwantini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswarup","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and"},{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00615a002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar00127a004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M503492200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-004-0675-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)70519-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00370a059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10182.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.8.2212-2219.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.9.2420-2428.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1091176"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.323"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0639243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.5.1543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.17.8103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00251-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00614.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308317200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.59.070190.002035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00244-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.24.7058-7066.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx0500070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2001.02288.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/tuld.1998.0203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.10.2861-2866.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.5.1771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35016103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164571"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1167452"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m89-077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(92)90446-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"Microscale gas chemistry. 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