{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:56:51Z","timestamp":1781103411316,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nematode parasites show a characteristic aggregated distribution among hosts. This observation has important implications for pathogenesis, immunology, and control of these infections, but the relative roles of environment and genetics in determining these patterns have remained uncertain. This paper presents the results of the first genome scan for susceptibility to infection with roundworm (\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Data on 375 genetic markers were generated for each of 444 members of a genetically isolated Nepalese population, the Jirels.\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    worm burden as assessed by egg counts was measured in these same individuals by using the Kato Katz thick smear method. The extensive genealogical data available for the population allowed assignment of all 444 individuals to a single pedigree that contained 6,209 pairs of relatives that were informative for genetic analysis. A variance components linkage analysis resulted in the unequivocal localization of two genes (one on chromosome 1 and another on chromosome 13) with clear, significant effects on susceptibility to\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. This is the first evidence that individual quantitative trait loci influence variation in\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    burden in humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082115999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1027680309000},"page":"5533-5538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Genes on chromosomes 1 and 13 have significant effects on\n                    <i>Ascaris<\/i>\n                    infection"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Williams-Blangero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Southwest Regional Primate Research Center, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056; Jiri Helminth Project, Jiri 9, Dolakha District, Nepal; and Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Majarajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"VandeBerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Southwest Regional Primate Research Center, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056; Jiri Helminth Project, Jiri 9, Dolakha District, Nepal; and Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Majarajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janardan","family":"Subedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Southwest Regional Primate Research Center, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056; Jiri Helminth Project, Jiri 9, Dolakha District, Nepal; and Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Majarajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Jo","family":"Aivaliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Southwest Regional Primate Research Center, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056; Jiri Helminth Project, Jiri 9, Dolakha District, Nepal; and Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Majarajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dev Raj","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Southwest Regional Primate Research Center, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056; Jiri Helminth Project, Jiri 9, Dolakha District, Nepal; and Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Majarajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram Prasad","family":"Upadhayay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Southwest Regional Primate Research Center, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056; Jiri Helminth Project, Jiri 9, Dolakha District, Nepal; and Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Majarajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Southwest Regional Primate Research Center, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056; Jiri Helminth Project, Jiri 9, Dolakha District, Nepal; and Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Majarajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Blangero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Southwest Regional Primate Research Center, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056; Jiri Helminth Project, Jiri 9, Dolakha District, Nepal; and Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Majarajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Tropical and Geographic Medicine","author":"Pawlowski Z S","year":"1990","unstructured":"Z S Pawlowski Tropical and Geographic Medicine, eds K S Warren, A A F Mahmoud (McGraw\u2013Hill, New York), pp. 369\u2013378 (1990)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"39","volume":"2","author":"Tanowitz H B","year":"1994","unstructured":"H B Tanowitz, L M Weiss, M Wittner Gastroenterologist 2, 39\u201349 (1994).","journal-title":"Gastroenterologist"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00010877"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Ascariasis and Its Public Health Significance","author":"Crompton D W T","year":"1985","unstructured":"D W T Crompton, M Neisham, Z S Pawlowski Ascariasis and Its Public Health Significance (Taylor and Francis, London, 1985)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-320.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-241.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"171","volume":"90","author":"Chrungoo R K","year":"1992","unstructured":"R K Chrungoo, V K Hangloo, M M Faroqui, M Khan J Indian Med Assoc 90, 171\u2013174 (1992).","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90133-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/36.4.189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","volume-title":"Impact of Helminth Infections on Human Nutrition","author":"Stephenson L S","year":"1987","unstructured":"L S Stephenson Impact of Helminth Infections on Human Nutrition (Taylor and Francis, London, 1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90241-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90242-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01689-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80119-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01499-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60561-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000052288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4012307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1983.21.2.142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80762-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90448-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"289","volume":"3","author":"Blangero J","year":"1988","unstructured":"J Blangero Int J Anthropol 3, 289\u2013299 (1988).","journal-title":"Int J Anthropol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330820108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.2001.21.s1.s236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/301844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2272(2000)19:1 <::AID-GEPI2>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(01)42021-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5425.260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.11.1747"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/76889"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.4183-4190.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.1999.6360545.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5281.1516"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.082115999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T18:22:04Z","timestamp":1649787724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.082115999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.082115999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.082115999","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-11-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-02-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-04-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}