{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:35:08Z","timestamp":1791153308592,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Efficient vaccines potentiate antibody avidity and increase T cell longevity, which confer protection against microbial lethal challenge. A vaccine strategy was established by using\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    to deliver\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    protective antigen (PA) via specific dendritic cell-targeting peptides to dendritic cells (DCs), which reside in the periphery and mucosal surfaces, thus directing and regulating acquired immunity. The efficiency of oral delivery of\n                    <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    expressing a PA-DCpep fusion was evaluated in mice challenged with lethal\n                    <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sterne. Vaccination with\n                    <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    expressing PA-DCpep induced robust protective immunity against\n                    <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sterne compared with mice vaccinated with\n                    <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    expressing PA-control peptide or an empty vector. Additionally, serum anti-PA titers, neutralizing PA antibodies, and the levels of IgA-expressing cells were all comparable with the historical recombinant PA plus aluminum hydroxide vaccine administered s.c. Collectively, development of this strategy for oral delivery of DC-targeted antigens provides a safe and protective vaccine via a bacterial adjuvant that may potentiate mucosal immune responses against deadly pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900029106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]],"date-time":"2009-02-25T22:19:05Z","timestamp":1235600345000},"page":"4331-4336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Dendritic cell targeting of\n                    <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n                    protective antigen expressed by\n                    <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/i>\n                    protects mice from lethal challenge"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Mohamadzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Sciences Graduate Program and"},{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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