{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T03:08:30Z","timestamp":1782184110512,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"29","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Binding of the peptide hormone vasopressin to its type-2 receptor (V2R) in kidney triggers a cAMP-mediated translocation of Aquaporin-2 water channels to the apical membrane, resulting in water reabsorption and thereby preventing dehydration. Mutations in the V2R gene lead to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI), a disorder in which this process is disturbed, because the encoded, often intrinsically functional mutant V2 receptors are misfolded and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Since plasma membrane expression is thought to be essential for V2R activation, cell permeable V2R antagonists have been used to induce maturation and rescue cell surface expression of V2R mutants, after which they need to be displaced by vasopressin for activation. Here, however, we show that 3 novel nonpeptide V2R agonists, but not vasopressin, activate NDI-causing V2R mutants at their intracellular location, without changing their maturation and at a sufficient level to induce the translocation of aquaporin-2 to the apical membrane. Moreover, in contrast to plasma membrane V2R, degradation of intracellular V2R mutants is not increased by their activation. Our data reveal that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) normally active at the plasma membrane can be activated intracellularly and that intracellular activation does not induce their degradation; the data also indicate that nonpeptide agonists constitute highly promising therapeutics for diseases caused by misfolded GPCRs in general, and NDI in particular.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900130106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]],"date-time":"2009-07-08T21:57:07Z","timestamp":1247090227000},"page":"12195-12200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Intracellular activation of vasopressin V2 receptor mutants in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by nonpeptide agonists"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Joris H.","family":"Robben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPhysiology and"},{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Neuroscience and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen L. A.","family":"Kortenoeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPhysiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mozes","family":"Sze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPhysiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Yae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vantia Ltd., SO16 7NP Southampton, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Milligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Neuroscience and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola M.","family":"Oorschot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Klumperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nine V. A. M.","family":"Knoers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M. 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