{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:31:30Z","timestamp":1781105490471,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    PACT is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein that also binds and activates the latent protein kinase, PKR, which plays a major role in cellular antiviral defense in mammals. For evaluating PACT's contribution to the innate immune system, Pact\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice have been generated; these mice exhibit notable developmental abnormalities including microtia, with craniofacial, ear, and hearing defects. Here we report that, in addition, Pact\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice had smaller body size and fertility defects, both of which were caused by defective pituitary functions. Pact\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice exhibited anterior pituitary lobe (AL) hypoplasia, which developed postnatally, when the second phase of pituitary expansion occurs. Among the 5 cell types in AL, the numbers of corticotrophs, gonadotrophs, and somatotrophs were equally decreased in Pact\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice with a greater impact on lactotrophs and a lesser impact on thyrotrophs. PACT mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the pituitary of wild-type (Wt) mice during the postnatal wave of AL proliferation, the same period in which the hypoplasia developed in Pact\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. During this time, the pituitaries of Pact\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice did not exhibit significantly increased apoptosis compared with Wt mice but showed a decrease in cell proliferation. The inhibition of cell proliferation observed in vivo could be recapitulated in vitro in GH3 somato\/lactotroph and L\u03b2T2 gonadotroph cell lines; knockdown of PACT expression with siRNA diminished the rate of proliferation of these cells. Our study revealed a physiologically significant role for PACT in cell proliferation and an essential role of a dsRNA-binding protein in mammalian pituitary expansion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900735106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]],"date-time":"2009-06-17T21:00:03Z","timestamp":1245272403000},"page":"10696-10701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The double-stranded RNA-binding protein, PACT, is required for postnatal anterior pituitary proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcie D.","family":"Seachrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Division of General Medical Sciences\u2014Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth A.","family":"Keri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Division of General Medical Sciences\u2014Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganes C.","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.15.4379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.22.15427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.21.11054-11064.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"PACT and PKR: Turning on NF-kappa B in the absence of virus","volume":"89","author":"D'Acquisto F","year":"2001","unstructured":"F D'Acquisto, S Ghosh, PACT and PKR: Turning on NF-kappa B in the absence of virus. 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