{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:25:11Z","timestamp":1791095111635,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Shigellosis, an enteric disease, is on the World Health Organization's priority prevention list. In one study, the\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                    O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP)-protein conjugate showed 72% protection against disease in Israeli army recruits exposed to high rates (8\u201314%) of infection. The protection was related to vaccine-induced IgG anti-O-SP levels. Synthetic oligosaccharides of\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    type 1, bound by their reducing ends to a carrier protein (\u201csun\u201d-type configuration), induced significantly higher antibody levels than the native O-SP bound to protein by multiple-point attachments (\u201clattice\u201d-type configuration). Attempts to synthesize the\n                    <jats:italic>S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                    O-SP based oligosaccharides were not successful. Here, we describe the isolation, characterization, and conjugation of low-molecular-mass O-SP-core (O-SPC) fragments. The O-SPC fragments were bound by their reducing ends similar to the preparation of the synthetic\n                    <jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    type 1 conjugates. The O-SPC conjugates used oxime linkages between the terminal Kdo residues at the reducing ends of the\n                    <jats:italic>S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                    saccharides and aminooxy linkers bound to BSA or a recombinant diphtheria toxin. The coupling reaction was carried out at a neutral pH and room temperature. IgG antibody levels induced in young outbred mice by the\n                    <jats:italic>S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                    O-SPC conjugates were significantly higher then those elicited by the O-SP conjugates. Accordingly, we propose to evaluate clinically these conjugates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900891106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,3]],"date-time":"2009-04-03T22:43:05Z","timestamp":1238798585000},"page":"7974-7978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Synthesis, characterization, and immunogenicity in mice of\n                    <i>Shigella sonnei<\/i>\n                    O-specific oligosaccharide-core-protein conjugates"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"John B.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kubler-Kielb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evguenii","family":"Vinogradov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince","family":"Pozsgay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Shiloach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Schneerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"471","volume-title":"New Generation Vaccines","author":"Szu SC","year":"2004","unstructured":"SC Szu, JB Robbins, R Schneerson, V Pozsgay, C Chu New Generation Vaccines, eds MM Levine, JB Kaper, R Rappuoli, MA Liu, M Good (Dekker, New York), pp. 471\u2013478 (2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.346"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000160955.26151.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.9.3678-3687.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)06255-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000078156.03697.a5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.9.5194"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(00)83665-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1982.tb07027.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2008.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(99)00585-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706969104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Chemistry and immunochemistry of bacterial lipopolysaccharides as cell wall antigens and endotoxins","volume":"33","author":"Westphal O","year":"1983","unstructured":"O Westphal, K Jann, K Himmelspach, Chemistry and immunochemistry of bacterial lipopolysaccharides as cell wall antigens and endotoxins. 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