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The current study investigated whether this subcortical differentiation of stop consonants was related to reading ability and speech-in-noise performance. Across a group of children with a wide range of reading ability, the subcortical differentiation of 3 speech stimuli ([ba], [da], [ga]) was found to be correlated with phonological awareness, reading, and speech-in-noise perception, with better performers exhibiting greater differences among responses to the 3 syllables. When subjects were categorized into terciles based on phonological awareness and speech-in-noise performance, the top-performing third in each grouping had greater subcortical differentiation than the bottom third. These results are consistent with the view that the neural processes underlying phonological awareness and speech-in-noise perception depend on reciprocal interactions between cognitive and perceptual processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901123106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,17]],"date-time":"2009-07-17T22:06:36Z","timestamp":1247868396000},"page":"13022-13027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Subcortical differentiation of stop consonants relates to reading and speech-in-noise perception"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Jane","family":"Hornickel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences, Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Skoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences, Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trent","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences, Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Zecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences, Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences, Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory and"},{"name":"Departments of bNeurobiology and Physiology and"},{"name":"Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Children with Disabilities","author":"Shapiro B","year":"2007","unstructured":"B Shapiro, RP Church, MEB Lewis Children with Disabilities, eds ML Batshaw, L Pellegrino, NJ Roizen (Paul H. 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