{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:02:40Z","timestamp":1789963360009,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,28]],"date-time":"2009-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":183,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and provide a primary innate immune defense function against bacterial pathogens before development of a specific immune response. These specialized phagocytes are short lived (12\u201324 hours) and continuously replenished from bone marrow. We found that if the host is overwhelmed by a high inoculum of\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes,<\/jats:italic>\n                    neutrophils are depleted despite high granulocyte-colony stimulating factor induction. In contrast to a low-dose innocuous\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, high-dose Listeria challenge blocks neutrophil recruitment to infectious abscesses and bacterial proliferation is not controlled, resulting in lethal outcomes. Administering synthetic TLR2-ligand or heat-killed bacteria during the innocuous\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection reproduced these effects, once again leading to overwhelming bacterial propagation. The same stimuli also severely aggravated\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    systemic infection. These data implicate systemic innate immune stimulation as a mechanism of bone marrow neutrophil exhaustion which negatively influences the outcome of bacterial infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901162106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,7]],"date-time":"2009-04-07T22:49:09Z","timestamp":1239144549000},"page":"7107-7112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Innate immune-induced depletion of bone marrow neutrophils aggravates systemic bacterial infections"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Navarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl S.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Admar","family":"Verschoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Recher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies S.","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Nizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and"},{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Odermatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospital Z\u00fcrich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hengartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf M.","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0416"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"753","volume-title":"Production, distribution and fate of neutrophils","author":"Babior B","year":"2001","unstructured":"B Babior Production, distribution and fate of neutrophils (McGraw-Hill, New York), pp. 753\u2013759 (2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.65.2.196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000158960.93832.de"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.12.5090-5096.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.57.6.827"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199711000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69005-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.2.904-909.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.4.1105.1105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1468"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8397-8401.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607325103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.10.1.8292377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.5.2628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.4.1836","article-title":"Administration of anti-granulocyte mAb RB6\u20138C5 impairs the resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection","volume":"152","author":"Czuprynski CJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"CJ Czuprynski, JF Brown, N Maroushek, RD Wagner, Administration of anti-granulocyte mAb RB6\u20138C5 impairs the resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Immunol 152, 1836\u20131846, Steinberg hours. (1994).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-8-199610150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.3.1967"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907293410509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200103000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000048629.32625.5D"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.2.425.402k36_425_439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.2.913"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406740101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402835"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0901162106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T15:44:04Z","timestamp":1684943044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0901162106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0901162106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0901162106","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1159114.619410","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1159114.623503","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-04-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}