{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T11:29:08Z","timestamp":1781782148516,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]]},"abstract":"\n Anthropogenic activities, dominated by emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ), have perturbed the global sulfur (S) cycle. Uncertainties in timescales of S transport and chemistry in the atmosphere lead to uncertainties in the predicted impact of S emissions. Measurements of cosmogenic\n 35<\/jats:sup>\n S may potentially be used to resolve existing uncertainties in the photochemical and chemical transformation of S in the environment. The lack of a simple, effective, and highly sensitive technique to measure\n 35<\/jats:sup>\n S activity in samples with low activities may explain the scarcity of published measurements. We present a set of new sample handling and measurement procedures optimized for the measurement of\n 35<\/jats:sup>\n S in natural samples with activities as low as 0.20\u00a0dpm above background (2\n \u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n , integration time\u00a0=\u00a02\u00a0hr). We also report simultaneous measurements of aerosol (\n \n \n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) and gas phase (\n \n \n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) collected at inland and coastal locations; the range of observed activities corresponds to SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n residence lifetimes of 0.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04\u00a0(coastal)\u00a0-\u00a022.3\u00a0d\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04\u00a0(inland). These optimized techniques offer the potential for resolving atmospheric processes that occur on 6\u201312-hour timescales as well as resolving transport phenomena such as stratospheric mixing into the troposphere.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901168107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,9]],"date-time":"2010-03-09T00:29:02Z","timestamp":1268094542000},"page":"5311-5316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Optimized low-level liquid scintillation spectroscopy of\n 35<\/sup>\n S for atmospheric and biogeochemical chemistry applications"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Brothers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0356"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0356"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Abramian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0356"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Corbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0356"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Bluen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0356"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Thiemens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0356"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","first-page":"996","volume-title":"IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. 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Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK), pp. 996 (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.34.031405.125026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005659"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL014879"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD004218"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900805"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(82)83324-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/kin.550121006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94JD02305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-08-043751-6\/04042-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(83)90082-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/352226a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/92GL01879"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(85)90205-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-5582(56)90019-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.118.1626"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac048128c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-002-0684-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:WAFO.0000028375.96356.eb"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-555X(98)00090-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02627829"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020177802927"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02349066"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-708X(71)90157-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1998)037<1084:MTDDVO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","volume-title":"Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies: Evaluation Number 15","author":"Sander SP","year":"2006","unstructured":"SP Sander, et al. Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies: Evaluation Number 15 (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, JPL Publication 06-2. (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","volume-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","author":"Seinfeld JH","year":"2006","unstructured":"JH Seinfeld, SN Pandis Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD03407"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0901168107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T19:21:20Z","timestamp":1649877680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0901168107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0901168107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0901168107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-03-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}