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Here, we report a successful fully functioning tooth replacement in an adult mouse achieved through the transplantation of bioengineered tooth germ into the alveolar bone in the lost tooth region. We propose this technology as a model for future organ replacement therapies. The bioengineered tooth, which was erupted and occluded, had the correct tooth structure, hardness of mineralized tissues for mastication, and response to noxious stimulations such as mechanical stress and pain in cooperation with other oral and maxillofacial tissues. This study represents a substantial advance and emphasizes the potential for bioengineered organ replacement in future regenerative therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902944106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,3]],"date-time":"2009-08-03T21:43:30Z","timestamp":1249335810000},"page":"13475-13480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":367,"title":["Fully functional bioengineered tooth replacement as an organ replacement therapy"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Etsuko","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, and"},{"name":"Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo 101-0048, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritsuko","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and 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