{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:32:24Z","timestamp":1792891944110,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The acquisition of reading skills is a major landmark process in a human's cognitive development. On the neural level, a new functional network develops during this time, as children typically learn to associate the well-known sounds of their spoken language with unfamiliar characters in alphabetic languages and finally access the meaning of written words, allowing for later reading. A critical component of the mature reading network located in the left occipito-temporal cortex, termed the \u201cvisual word-form system\u201d (VWFS), exhibits print-sensitive activation in readers. When and how the sensitivity of the VWFS to print comes about remains an open question. In this study, we demonstrate the initiation of occipito-temporal cortex sensitivity to print using functional MRI (fMRI) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 16) and event-related potentials (ERP) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 32) in a controlled, longitudinal training study. Print sensitivity of fast (&lt;250 ms) processes in posterior occipito-temporal brain regions accompanied basic associative learning of letter\u2013speech sound correspondences in young (mean age 6.4 \u00b1 0.08 y) nonreading kindergarten children, as shown by concordant ERP and fMRI results. The occipito-temporal print sensitivity thus is established during the earliest phase of reading acquisition in childhood, suggesting that a crucial part of the later reading network first adopts a role in mapping print and sound.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904402107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,15]],"date-time":"2010-04-15T22:33:10Z","timestamp":1271370790000},"page":"7939-7944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":411,"title":["Brain sensitivity to print emerges when children learn letter\u2013speech sound correspondences"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Brem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agora Center and"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8032 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agora Center and"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8032 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Kucian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janne V.","family":"Kujala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agora Center and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomi K.","family":"Guttorm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agora Center and"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Child Research Centre, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland;"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Lyytinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agora Center and"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Child Research Centre, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brandeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8032 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland;"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; and"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim J5 68072, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agora Center and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.2.291"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703300104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00134-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892905774597218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/9.5.476"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1057179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.11.2119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0673-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.1.204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Single-Word Reading: Biological and Behavioural Perspectives","author":"Maurer U","year":"2007","unstructured":"U Maurer, BD McCandliss, The development of visual expertise for words: The contribution of electrophysiology. 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