{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:38:51Z","timestamp":1791329931585,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"35","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human rabies in developing countries can be prevented through interventions directed at dogs. Potential cost-savings for the public health sector of interventions aimed at animal-host reservoirs should be assessed. Available deterministic models of rabies transmission between dogs were extended to include dog-to-human rabies transmission. Model parameters were fitted to routine weekly rabid-dog and exposed-human cases reported in N\u2032Djam\u00e9na, the capital of Chad. The estimated transmission rates between dogs (\u03b2\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were 0.0807 km\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/(dogs\u00b7week) and between dogs and humans (\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>dh<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) 0.0002 km\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/(dogs\u00b7week). The effective reproductive ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      R\n                      <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) at the onset of our observations was estimated at 1.01, indicating low-level endemic stability of rabies transmission. Human rabies incidence depended critically on dog-related transmission parameters. We simulated the effects of mass dog vaccination and the culling of a percentage of the dog population on human rabies incidence. A single parenteral dog rabies-mass vaccination campaign achieving a coverage of least 70% appears to be sufficient to interrupt transmission of rabies to humans for at least 6 years. The cost-effectiveness of mass dog vaccination was compared to postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), which is the current practice in Chad. PEP does not reduce future human exposure. Its cost-effectiveness is estimated at US $46 per disability adjusted life-years averted. Cost-effectiveness for PEP, together with a dog-vaccination campaign, breaks even with cost-effectiveness of PEP alone after almost 5 years. Beyond a time-frame of 7 years, it appears to be more cost-effective to combine parenteral dog-vaccination campaigns with human PEP compared to human PEP alone.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904740106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,17]],"date-time":"2009-08-17T22:11:52Z","timestamp":1250547112000},"page":"14996-15001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":248,"title":["Transmission dynamics and economics of rabies control in dogs and humans in an African city"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Zinsstag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, PO Box, CH-4002 Basle, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"D\u00fcrr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, PO Box, CH-4002 Basle, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Penny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, PO Box, CH-4002 Basle, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Mindekem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Support en Sant\u00e9 Internationale, BP 972, N\u2032Djam\u00e9na, Chad;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, PO Box, CH-4002 Basle, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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