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Initially, 2 doses of NGF (100 and 200 \u03bcg\/mL) were tested on 24 rats, and the higher dose was found to be more effective. Glaucoma was then induced in an additional 36 rats: half untreated and half treated with 200 \u03bcg\/mL NGF QID for 7 weeks. Apoptosis\/survival of RGCs was evaluated by histological, biochemical, and molecular analysis. Three patients with advanced glaucoma underwent psychofunctional and electrofunctional tests at baseline, after 3 months of NGF eye drops, and after 3 months of follow-up. Seven weeks of elevated IOP caused RGC degeneration resulting in 40% cell death. Significantly less RGC loss was observed with NGF treatment (2,530 \u00b1 121 vs. 1,850 \u00b1 156 RGCs\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) associated with inhibition of cell death by apoptosis. Patients treated with NGF demonstrated long lasting improvements in visual field, optic nerve function, contrast sensitivity, and visual acuity. NGF exerted neuroprotective effects, inhibiting apoptosis of RGCs in animals with glaucoma. In 3 patients with advanced glaucoma, treatment with topical NGF improved all parameters of visual function. These results may open therapeutic perspectives for glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906678106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,3]],"date-time":"2009-08-03T21:43:30Z","timestamp":1249335810000},"page":"13469-13474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":203,"title":["Experimental and clinical evidence of neuroprotection by nerve growth factor eye drops: Implications for glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome \u201cCampus Bio-Medico\u201d and Fondazione Alberto Sordi, 00128 Rome, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Aloe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Centofanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy;"},{"name":"Gian Battista Bietti Eye Foundation, Rome, Italy; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gian Battista Bietti Eye Foundation, Rome, Italy; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Mantelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome \u201cCampus Bio-Medico\u201d and Fondazione Alberto Sordi, 00128 Rome, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Colafrancesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gian Battista Bietti Eye Foundation, Rome, Italy; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Luca","family":"Manni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy;"},{"name":"Gian Battista Bietti Eye Foundation, Rome, Italy; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo Gilberto","family":"Bucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy;"},{"name":"Gian Battista Bietti Eye Foundation, Rome, Italy; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome \u201cCampus Bio-Medico\u201d and Fondazione Alberto Sordi, 00128 Rome, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Levi-Montalcini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Brain Research Institute Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"887","article-title":"Glaucoma is second leading cause of blindness globally","volume":"82","author":"Kingman S","year":"2004","unstructured":"S Kingman, Glaucoma is second leading cause of blindness globally. 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