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Inasmuch as brain glucose metabolism is a sensitive marker of brain function, the current findings provide evidence that cocaine use by a pregnant mother will also affect the function of the fetal brain. We are also unique in showing that cocaine\u2019s effects in brain glucose metabolism differed in pregnant (increased) and nonpregnant (decreased) animals, which suggests that the psychoactive effects of cocaine are influenced by the state of pregnancy. Our findings have clinical implications because they imply that the adverse effects of prenatal cocaine exposure to the newborn child include not only cocaine\u2019s deleterious effects to the placental circulation, but also cocaine\u2019s direct pharmacological effect to the developing fetal brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909585107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,4]],"date-time":"2010-01-04T21:36:36Z","timestamp":1262640996000},"page":"1582-1587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cocaine is pharmacologically active in the nonhuman primate fetal brain"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Helene","family":"Benveniste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna S.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Scharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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