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Using positive images, we used an emotion regulation task to test whether individuals with depression are unable to sustain activation in neural circuits underlying positive affect and reward. While up-regulating positive affect, depressed individuals failed to sustain nucleus accumbens activity over time compared with controls. This decreased capacity was related to individual differences in self-reported positive affect. Connectivity analyses further implicated the fronto-striatal network in anhedonia. These findings support the hypothesis that anhedonia in depressed patients reflects the inability to sustain engagement of structures involved in positive affect and reward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910651106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,22]],"date-time":"2009-12-22T21:09:29Z","timestamp":1261516169000},"page":"22445-22450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":387,"title":["Reduced capacity to sustain positive emotion in major depression reflects diminished maintenance of fronto-striatal brain activation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Aaron S.","family":"Heller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Affective Neuroscience, Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior,"},{"name":"Departments of bPsychology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, Department of Psychology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Shackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Affective Neuroscience, Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior,"},{"name":"Departments of bPsychology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharee N.","family":"Light","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Affective Neuroscience, Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior,"},{"name":"Departments of bPsychology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory G.","family":"Kolden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bPsychology and"},{"name":"Psychiatry,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ned H.","family":"Kalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bPsychology and"},{"name":"Psychiatry,"},{"name":"HealthEmotions Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Affective Neuroscience, Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior,"},{"name":"Departments of bPsychology and"},{"name":"Psychiatry,"},{"name":"HealthEmotions Research Institute, and"},{"name":"Center for Creating a Healthy Mind, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"xii","volume-title":"Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV-TR","year":"2000","unstructured":"Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV-TR (Am Psychiatric Assoc, Arlington, VA), pp. xii (2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00653-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.11.1228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.5.776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.79.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Hedonic capacity: Some conjectures","volume":"39","author":"Meehl PE","year":"1975","unstructured":"PE Meehl, Hedonic capacity: Some conjectures. 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