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In the present study, we examined whether drugs that interfere with the function of ER\u03b1 are effective in treating and\/or preventing cervical cancer in mice. We provide evidence that a complete ER antagonist, ICI 182,780 (ICI), as well as a selective ER modulator, raloxifene, efficiently clear cancer and its precursor lesions in both the cervix and the vagina. Furthermore, ICI was capable of preventing the onset of cancers in mice bearing precursor lesions. These findings point to the potential value of ER antagonists in controlling gynecological disease in the lower reproductive tracts in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911436106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,9]],"date-time":"2009-11-09T22:20:09Z","timestamp":1257805209000},"page":"19467-19472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in mice using estrogen receptor antagonists"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Sang-Hyuk","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul F.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.45.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08150-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08151-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200409000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19960729)67:3<327::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00117-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.4.9.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"3991","article-title":"Indole-3-carbinol prevents cervical cancer in human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) transgenic mice","volume":"59","author":"Jin L","year":"1999","unstructured":"L Jin, et al., Indole-3-carbinol prevents cervical cancer in human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) transgenic mice. 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