{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:44:17Z","timestamp":1789512257254,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recent evidence suggests that bats can detect the geomagnetic field, but the way in which this is used by them for navigation to a home roost remains unresolved. The geomagnetic field may be used by animals both to indicate direction and to locate position. In birds, directional information appears to be derived from an interaction of the magnetic field with either the sun or the stars, with some evidence suggesting that sunset\/sunrise provides the primary directional reference by which a magnetic compass is calibrated daily. We demonstrate that homing greater mouse-eared bats (\n                    <jats:italic>Myotis myotis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) calibrate a magnetic compass with sunset cues by testing their homing response after exposure to an altered magnetic field at and after sunset. Magnetic manipulation at sunset resulted in a counterclockwise shift in orientation compared with controls, consistent with sunset calibration of the magnetic field, whereas magnetic manipulation after sunset resulted in no change in orientation. Unlike in birds, however, the pattern of polarization was not necessary for the calibration. For animals that occupy ecological niches where the sunset is rarely observed, this is a surprising finding. Yet it may indicate the primacy of the sun as an absolute geographical reference not only for birds but also within other vertebrate taxa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912477107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]],"date-time":"2010-03-29T23:49:26Z","timestamp":1269906566000},"page":"6941-6945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["A nocturnal mammal, the greater mouse-eared bat, calibrates a magnetic compass by the sun"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Holland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivailo","family":"Borissov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bulgarian Bat Research and Protection Group, National Museum of Natural History, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; and"},{"name":"Sensory Ecology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn M.","family":"Siemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensory Ecology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00612020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001140050422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.176.4030.62"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/428909a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05957-9_32"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1129709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.032771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/444702a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001676"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.0904"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-008-0324-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-008-0336-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00343204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1995.tb01031.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2656.1999.00293.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1381955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0872"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"Das Navigationssystem der V\u00f6gel","author":"Wallraff HG","year":"1974","unstructured":"HG Wallraff Das Navigationssystem der V\u00f6gel (Oldenburg, Munich, 1974)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"Avian Navigation: Pigeon Homing as a Paradigm","author":"Wallraff HG","year":"2005","unstructured":"HG Wallraff Avian Navigation: Pigeon Homing as a Paradigm (Springer, Berlin, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.141.1.241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","volume-title":"Out of Sight but Brought to Mind: Polarized Light in Animal Vision: Polarization Patterns in Nature","author":"Horv\u00e1th G","year":"2004","unstructured":"G Horv\u00e1th, D Varj\u00fa Out of Sight but Brought to Mind: Polarized Light in Animal Vision: Polarization Patterns in Nature (Springer, Berlin, 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1380633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00694473"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002650000313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Activation effects of odours on avian navigation","volume":"277","author":"Jorge PE","year":"2010","unstructured":"PE Jorge, AE Marques, JB Phillips, Activation effects of odours on avian navigation. 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