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Combinatorial analysis revealed distinct, actively dividing hippocampal neural progenitor cell types in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus that were in transition from stem-like radial glia-like cells (type 1) to immature transiently amplifying neuroblasts (type 2a, type 2b, and type 3), suggesting the evolutionary conservation of milestones of neuronal development in macaque monkeys. Alcohol significantly decreased the number of actively dividing type 1, 2a, and 2b cell types without significantly altering the early neuronal type 3 cells, suggesting that alcohol interferes with the division and migration of hippocampal preneuronal progenitors. Furthermore, the lasting alcohol-induced reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis paralleled an increase in neural degeneration mediated by nonapoptotic pathways. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the hippocampal neurogenic niche during adolescence is highly vulnerable to alcohol and that alcohol decreases neuronal turnover in adolescent nonhuman primate hippocampus by altering the ongoing process of neuronal development. This lasting effect, observed 2 mo after alcohol discontinuation, may underlie the deficits in hippocampus-associated cognitive tasks that are observed in alcoholics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912810107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T20:51:16Z","timestamp":1275425476000},"page":"11104-11109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Long-lasting reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis by alcohol consumption in adolescent nonhuman primates"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Taffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxanne W.","family":"Kotzebue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca D.","family":"Crean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena F.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chitra D.","family":"Mandyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","unstructured":"LD Johnston PM O'Malley JG Bachman JE Schulenberg Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use 1975\u20132008. 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