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This phenomenon is evidenced\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    by the fact that amyloid protein A (AA) amyloidosis in mice is markedly accelerated when the animals are given, in addition to an inflammatory stimulus, an i.v. injection of protein extracted from AA amyloid-laden mouse tissue. Heretofore, the chemical nature of this \u201camyloid enhancing factor\u201d (AEF) has not been definitively identified. Here we report that the active principle of AEF extracted from the spleen of mice with silver nitrate-induced AA amyloidosis was identified unequivocally as the AA fibril itself. Further, we demonstrated that this material was extremely potent, being active in doses &lt;1 ng, and that it retained its biologic activity over a considerable length of time. Notably, the AEF was also effective when administered orally. 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