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We investigated whether there is any direct route for basal ganglia output to influence cerebellar function that is independent of the cerebral cortex. We injected rabies virus (RV) into selected regions of the cerebellar cortex in cebus monkeys and used retrograde transneuronal transport of the virus to determine the origin of multisynaptic inputs to the injection sites. We found that the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia has a substantial disynaptic projection to the cerebellar cortex. This pathway provides a means for both normal and abnormal signals from the basal ganglia to influence cerebellar function. We previously showed that the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum has a disynaptic projection to an input stage of basal ganglia processing, the striatum. Taken together these results provide the anatomical substrate for substantial two-way communication between the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Thus, the two subcortical structures may be linked together to form an integrated functional network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000496107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,19]],"date-time":"2010-04-19T23:40:15Z","timestamp":1271720415000},"page":"8452-8456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":746,"title":["The basal ganglia communicate with the cerebellum"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Andreea C.","family":"Bostan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Systems Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Dum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Systems Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Strick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Systems Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and"},{"name":"Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125606"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(96)00003-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00296-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903560312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-23-08432.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902350306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(79)90082-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"The projection from the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to the cerebellum in the rhesus monkey","volume":"38","author":"Brodal P","year":"1980","unstructured":"P Brodal, The projection from the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to the cerebellum in the rhesus monkey. 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