{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:01:08Z","timestamp":1791036068547,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cholera toxin (CT) elicits a mucosal immune response in mice when used as a vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms by which CT exerts its adjuvant effects are incompletely understood. We show that protection against inhalation anthrax by an irradiated spore vaccine depends on CT-mediated induction of IL-17-producing CD4 Th17 cells. Furthermore, IL-17 is involved in the induction of serum and mucosal antibody responses by CT. Th17 cells induced by CT have a unique cytokine profile compared with those induced by IL-6 and TGF-\u03b2, and their induction by CT requires cAMP-dependent secretion of IL-1\u03b2 and \u03b2-calcitonin gene-related peptide by dendritic cells. These findings demonstrate that Th17 cells mediate mucosal adjuvant effects of CT and identify previously unexplored pathways involved in Th17 induction that could be targeted for development of unique mucosal adjuvants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002348107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,17]],"date-time":"2010-05-17T22:13:23Z","timestamp":1274134403000},"page":"10638-10643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Mucosal adjuvant activity of cholera toxin requires Th17 cells and protects against inhalation anthrax"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Sandip K.","family":"Datta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Sabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Phung L.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Gonzalez-Navajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamima","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Mihajlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Fierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Insel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald G.","family":"Guiney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Raz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/125.6.672"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.132.6.2736","article-title":"Generalized systemic and mucosal immunity in mice after mucosal stimulation with cholera toxin","volume":"132","author":"Elson CO","year":"1984","unstructured":"CO Elson, W Ealding, Generalized systemic and mucosal immunity in mice after mucosal stimulation with cholera toxin. J Immunol 132, 2736\u20132741 (1984).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.4.1309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.3.541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04753"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.22.2104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/183475b0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0906.020377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)34204-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/24884"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5397.2275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05970"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.16.9185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C600321200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1968"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01554-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.05.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01877-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.4.2029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709684105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.5.2772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00096.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.39.1.371-376.1983"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1002348107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T02:07:57Z","timestamp":1685585277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1002348107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,17]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1002348107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1002348107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-05-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}