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Methylphenidate-induced decreases in SSRT were positively correlated with inhibition-related activation of left middle frontal cortex (MFC) and negatively with activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in whole brain linear regressions. Inhibition-related MFC but not vmPFC activation distinguished individuals with short and long SSRT in 36 demographically matched healthy individuals, whereas vmPFC but not MFC activation, along with improvement in SSRT, was correlated with a previously implicated biomarker of methylphenidate response (systolic blood pressure). These results implicate a specific neural (i.e., vmPFC) mechanism whereby stimulants improve inhibitory control. Altered ventromedial prefrontal activation and increased blood pressure may represent useful CNS and peripheral biomarkers in individualized treatment with methylphenidate for patients with cocaine dependence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002467107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,26]],"date-time":"2010-07-26T23:41:37Z","timestamp":1280187697000},"page":"14455-14459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Biological markers of the effects of intravenous methylphenidate on improving inhibitory control in cocaine-dependent patients"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Chiang-shan R.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Matuskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Abdelghany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Investigational Drug Service, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06519;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and"},{"name":"Department of Statistics, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy L. 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