{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:07:16Z","timestamp":1793448436718,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Upon delivery, the neonate is exposed for the first time to a wide array of microbes from a variety of sources, including maternal bacteria. Although prior studies have suggested that delivery mode shapes the microbiota's establishment and, subsequently, its role in child health, most researchers have focused on specific bacterial taxa or on a single body habitat, the gut. Thus, the initiation stage of human microbiome development remains obscure. The goal of the present study was to obtain a community-wide perspective on the influence of delivery mode and body habitat on the neonate's first microbiota. We used multiplexed 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities from mothers and their newborn babies, four born vaginally and six born via Cesarean section. Mothers\u2019 skin, oral mucosa, and vagina were sampled 1 h before delivery, and neonates\u2019 skin, oral mucosa, and nasopharyngeal aspirate were sampled &lt;5 min, and meconium &lt;24 h, after delivery. We found that in direct contrast to the highly differentiated communities of their mothers, neonates harbored bacterial communities that were undifferentiated across multiple body habitats, regardless of delivery mode. Our results also show that vaginally delivered infants acquired bacterial communities resembling their own mother's vaginal microbiota, dominated by\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella,<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Sneathia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., and C-section infants harbored bacterial communities similar to those found on the skin surface, dominated by\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Propionibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. These findings establish an important baseline for studies tracking the human microbiome's successional development in different body habitats following different delivery modes, and their associated effects on infant health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002601107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,21]],"date-time":"2010-06-21T22:44:55Z","timestamp":1277160295000},"page":"11971-11975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4279,"title":["Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Dominguez-Bello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth K.","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Magris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amazonic Center for Research and Control of Tropical Diseases, Puerto Ayacucho 7101, Amazonas, Venezuela; 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