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In contrast, immunization with peptide-coated mature dendritic cells (DCs) results in a CD8 T-cell response exhibiting accelerated acquisition of memory characteristics, including the ability to respond to booster immunization within days of initial priming. However, personalized DC immunization is too costly, labor intensive, and time-consuming for large-scale vaccination. Here, we demonstrate that in vivo cross-priming with cell-associated antigens or antigen-coated, biodegradable microspheres in the absence of adjuvant quickly generates CD8 T cells that display the phenotype and function of long-term memory populations. Importantly, cross-primed CD8 T cells can respond to booster immunization within days of the initial immunization to generate rapidly large numbers of effector and memory T cells that can protect against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, including lethal influenza and malaria-causing\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Thus, accelerated CD8 T-cell memory after in vivo cross-priming in the absence of adjuvant is generalizable and can be exploited to generate protective immunity rapidly.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004661107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,21]],"date-time":"2010-06-21T22:44:55Z","timestamp":1277160295000},"page":"12198-12203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Exploiting cross-priming to generate protective CD8 T-cell immunity rapidly"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Nhat-Long L.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lecia L.","family":"Pewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bMicrobiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney J.","family":"Fleenor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bMicrobiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin L.","family":"Legge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and"},{"name":"Departments of bMicrobiology, and"},{"name":"Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir P.","family":"Badovinac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and"},{"name":"Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Harty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and"},{"name":"Departments of bMicrobiology, and"},{"name":"Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.10.4933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri778"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00384.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01139-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2003.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01612-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.4373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009671105696"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1109-1133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00142.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10611860903119656"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02268.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.24.11690-11696.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"Influenza: Pathogenesis and host defense","volume":"7","author":"Bender BS","year":"1992","unstructured":"BS Bender, PA Small, Influenza: Pathogenesis and host defense. 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