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Sleeping newborns rapidly learned the predictive relationship between the tone and the puff. Additionally, in the latter part of training, these infants exhibited a frontally maximum positive EEG slow wave possibly reflecting memory updating. As newborns spend most of their time sleeping, the ability to learn about external stimuli in the postnatal environment during nonawake states may be crucial for rapid adaptation and infant survival. Furthermore, because eyelid conditioning reflects functional cerebellar circuitry, this method potentially offers a unique approach for early identification of infants at risk for a range of developmental disorders including autism and dyslexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005061107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,17]],"date-time":"2010-05-17T22:13:23Z","timestamp":1274134403000},"page":"10320-10323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Newborn infants learn during sleep"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"William P.","family":"Fifer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;"},{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana L.","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Kaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge-Marie","family":"Eigsti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Isler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Grose-Fifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY 10019; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Tarullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Balsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032;"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","author":"Bosma JF","year":"1972","unstructured":"JF Bosma Oral Sensation and Perception: The Mouth of the Infant, ed C. 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