{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:11:51Z","timestamp":1791497511522,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural killer-22 (NK-22) cells are a human NK cell subset situated in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues that specialize in IL-22 secretion in response to IL-23. Here we investigated the cytokine requirements for NK-22 cell expansion. IL-7 maintained the sur-vival of NK-22 cells and IL-22 production in response to IL-23 but was insufficient to induce robust expansion. Proliferation of NK-22 cells was increased markedly by adding either IL-1\u03b2 or IL-2 to IL-7 and was even stronger in the presence of IL-1\u03b2 plus IL-2. In contrast to IL-7, continuous culture in IL-1\u03b2 and IL-2 modified NK-22 cytokine profiles. IL-1\u03b2 promoted constitutive IL-22 secretion rather than acute IL-22 production in response to IL-23 and induced IL-17 in some cells. IL-2 reduced secretion of IL-22 and IL-17, increasing production of IFN-\u03b3 and leukemia inhibitory factor. Functional deviation toward IFN-\u03b3 production also was induced by continuous culture in IL-23. These results demonstrate the functional plasticity of NK-22 cells, which may allow flexible responses to different pathogens. Finally, we found that NK-22 cells released the B-cell survival factor, B-cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF), suggesting a potential role of NK-22 cells in promoting B-cell\u2013mediated mucosal immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005641107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T20:51:16Z","timestamp":1275425476000},"page":"10961-10966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":331,"title":["Expansion of human NK-22 cells with IL-7, IL-2, and IL-1\u03b2 reveals intrinsic functional plasticity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Cella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Colonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-009-0448-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00451.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-192443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1668"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802694200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.10.6673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901563"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1698"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0365OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2003.00073.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37865"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2654"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2522"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1005641107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T18:42:39Z","timestamp":1649788959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1005641107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1005641107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1005641107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}