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Removal of hedgehog signaling in the notochord and nearby floorplate resulted in the formation of an aberrant notochord sheath that normally surrounds this structure. In the absence of the notochord sheath, small nuclei pulposi were formed, with most notochord cells dispersed throughout the vertebral bodies during embryogenesis. Our data suggest that the formation of the notochord sheath requires hedgehog signaling and that the sheath is essential for maintaining the rod-like structure of the notochord during early embryonic development. As notochord cells form nuclei pulposi, we propose that the notochord sheath functions as a \u201cwrapper\u201d around the notochord to constrain these cells along the vertebral column.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007566108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]],"date-time":"2011-05-24T00:31:06Z","timestamp":1306197066000},"page":"9484-9489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Hedgehog signaling is required for formation of the notochord sheath and patterning of nuclei pulposi within the intervertebral discs"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Kyung-Suk","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Harfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Lumbar disc disorders and low-back pain: Socioeconomic factors and consequences","volume":"88","author":"Katz JN","year":"2006","unstructured":"JN Katz, Lumbar disc disorders and low-back pain: Socioeconomic factors and consequences. 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