{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:26:05Z","timestamp":1792740365105,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"45","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    IFN-\u03b3 has an important role in the adaptive immune response against intracellular pathogens. In urogenital tract (UGT) infections with the obligate intracellular pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , IFN-\u03b3\u2013mediated control of chlamydial growth implies the JAK-STAT signaling cascades and subsequent induction of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). As oxygen concentrations in the UGT are low under physiological conditions (O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; 5%) and further decrease during an inflammatory process, we wondered whether antibacterial properties of IFN-\u03b3 are maintained under hypoxic conditions. Using primary cells that were isolated from human fallopian tubes and an ex vivo human fallopian tube model (HFTM), we found that even high IFN-\u03b3 concentrations (200 units\/mL) were not sufficient to limit growth of\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    under hypoxia. Reduced antibacterial activity of IFN-\u03b3 under hypoxia was restricted to the urogenital serovars D and L\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , but was not observed with the ocular serovar A. Impaired effectiveness of IFN-\u03b3 on chlamydial growth under hypoxia was accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of Stat-1 on Tyr701 and diminished IDO activity. This study shows that IFN-\u03b3 effector functions on intracellular\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    depend on the environmental oxygen supply, which could explain inadequate bacterial clearance and subsequent chronic infections eventually occurring in the UGT of women.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008178107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]],"date-time":"2010-10-26T00:46:40Z","timestamp":1288054000000},"page":"19502-19507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Hypoxia abrogates antichlamydial properties of IFN-\u03b3 in human fallopian tube cells in vitro and ex vivo"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Roth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ger","family":"van Zandbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Klinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hellwig-B\u00fcrgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"D\u00e4ubener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Bohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; 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