{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:24:31Z","timestamp":1792110271602,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Retinopathy of prematurity is a blinding disease, initiated by lack\n of retinal vascular growth after premature birth. We show that lack of\n insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in knockout mice prevents normal\n retinal vascular growth, despite the presence of vascular endothelial\n growth factor, important to vessel development.\n                    <jats:italic>In\n vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , low levels of IGF-I prevent vascular endothelial growth\n factor-induced activation of protein kinase B (Akt), a kinase critical\n for endothelial cell survival. Our results from studies in premature\n infants suggest that if the IGF-I level is sufficient after birth,\n normal vessel development occurs and retinopathy of prematurity does\n not develop. When IGF-I is persistently low, vessels cease to grow,\n maturing avascular retina becomes hypoxic and vascular endothelial\n growth factor accumulates in the vitreous. As IGF-I increases to a\n critical level, retinal neovascularization is triggered. These data\n indicate that serum IGF-I levels in premature infants can predict which\n infants will develop retinopathy of prematurity and further suggests\n that early restoration of IGF-I in premature infants to normal levels\n could prevent this disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101113998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:44:19Z","timestamp":1027680259000},"page":"5804-5808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":450,"title":["Low IGF-I suppresses VEGF-survival signaling in retinal endothelial cells: Direct correlation with clinical retinopathy of prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Ann","family":"Hellstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Perruzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihua","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Engstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"H\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Albertsson-Wikland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimon","family":"Niklasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Sj\u00f6dell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"LeRoith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald R.","family":"Senger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, and\r International Pediatric Growth Research Center,\r Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 41685\r G\u00f6teborg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Beth\r Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;\r Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital,\r Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Endocrine\r Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and\r Research Centre for Endocrinology and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lois E. 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