{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:09:50Z","timestamp":1791418190097,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"45","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,9]]},"abstract":"\n The acute diarrheal disease cholera is caused by the marine bacterium\n Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n . A type VI secretion system (T6SS), which is structurally similar to the bacteriophage cell-puncturing device, has been recently identified in\n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n and is used by this organism to confer virulence toward phagocytic eukaryotes, such as J774 murine macrophages and\n Dictyostelium discoideum<\/jats:italic>\n . We tested the interbacterial virulence of\n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n strain V52, an O37 serogroup with a constitutively active T6SS. V52 was found to be highly virulent toward multiple Gram-negative bacteria, including\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Typhimurium, and caused up to a 100,000-fold reduction in\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n survival. Because the T6SS-deficient mutants V52\u0394\n vasK<\/jats:italic>\n and V52\u0394\n vasH<\/jats:italic>\n showed toxicity defects that could be complemented, virulence displayed by\n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n depends on a functional T6SS.\n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n V52 and strains of the O1 serogroup were resistant to V52, suggesting that\n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n has acquired immunity independently of its serogroup. We hypothesize that the T6SS, in addition to targeting eukaryotic host cells, confers toxicity toward other bacteria, providing a means of interspecies competition to enhance environmental survival. Thus, the\n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n T6SS may enhance the survival of\n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n in its aquatic ecosystem during the transmission of cholera and between epidemics.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012931107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]],"date-time":"2010-10-26T00:46:40Z","timestamp":1288054000000},"page":"19520-19524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":420,"title":["The\n Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n type VI secretion system displays antimicrobial properties"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Dana L.","family":"MacIntyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah T.","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Kitaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Pukatzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71877-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000","volume":"81","author":"Kosek M","year":"2003","unstructured":"M Kosek, C Bern, RL Guerrant, The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. 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