{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:31:25Z","timestamp":1788201085943,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"47","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background adaptation is used by teleosts as one of a variety of camouflage mechanisms for avoidance of predation. Background adaptation is known to involve light sensing by the retina and subsequent regulation of melanophore dispersion or contraction in melanocytes, mediated by \u03b1-melanocyte\u2013stimulating hormone and melanin-concentrating hormone, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that an agouti gene unique to teleosts,\n                    <jats:italic>agrp2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is specifically expressed in the pineal and is required for up-regulation of hypothalamic\n                    <jats:italic>pmch<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>pmchl<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA and melanosome contraction in dermal melanocytes in response to a white background.\n                    <jats:italic>floating head<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a mutant with defective pineal development, exhibits defective up-regulation of\n                    <jats:italic>mch<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNAs by white background, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>nrc<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a blind mutant, exhibits a normal response. These studies identify a role for the pineal in background adaptation in teleosts, a unique physiological function for the agouti family of proteins, and define a neuroendocrine axis by which environmental background regulates pigmentation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014941107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]],"date-time":"2010-10-27T22:27:30Z","timestamp":1288218450000},"page":"20164-20171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Pineal-specific agouti protein regulates teleost background adaptation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngsup","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren A.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Madonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn L.","family":"Millhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monte","family":"Westerfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Gamse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger D.","family":"Cone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5413.502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5413.505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-18-07093.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.111.2871.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/305321a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)65208-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Biological role of the pars intermedia in lower vertebrates","volume":"81","author":"Baker BI","year":"1981","unstructured":"BI Baker, Biological role of the pars intermedia in lower vertebrates. 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