{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:03:03Z","timestamp":1791687783821,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Most endocrine hormones are produced in tissues and organs with\n permeable microvessels that may provide an excess of hormones to be\n transported by the blood circulation to the distal target organ. Here,\n we investigate whether leptin, an endocrine hormone, induces the\n formation of vascular fenestrations and permeability, and we\n characterize its angiogenic property in the presence of other\n angiogenic factors. We provide evidence that leptin-induced new blood\n vessels are fenestrated. Under physiological conditions, capillary\n fenestrations are found in the leptin-producing adipose tissue in lean\n mice. In contrast, no vascular fenestrations were detected in the\n adipose tissue of leptin-deficient\n                    <jats:italic>ob\/ob<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. Thus,\n leptin plays a critical role in the maintenance and regulation of\n vascular fenestrations in the adipose tissue. Leptin induces a rapid\n vascular permeability response when administrated intradermally.\n Further, leptin synergistically stimulates angiogenesis with fibroblast\n growth factor (FGF)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),\n the two most potent and commonly expressed angiogenic factors. These\n findings demonstrate that leptin has another new function\u2014the increase\n of vascular permeability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101564798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:44:19Z","timestamp":1027680259000},"page":"6390-6395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":376,"title":["Leptin induces vascular permeability and synergistically stimulates angiogenesis with FGF-2 and VEGF"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Renhai","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Angiogenesis Research, Microbiology and Tumor\r Biology Center, Center for Genomic Research,\r Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska\r Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebba","family":"Brakenhielm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Angiogenesis Research, Microbiology and Tumor\r Biology Center, Center for Genomic Research,\r Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska\r Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Wahlestedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Angiogenesis Research, Microbiology and Tumor\r Biology Center, Center for Genomic Research,\r Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska\r Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Thyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Angiogenesis Research, Microbiology and Tumor\r Biology Center, Center for Genomic Research,\r Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska\r Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihai","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Angiogenesis Research, Microbiology and Tumor\r Biology Center, Center for Genomic Research,\r Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska\r Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, 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