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Moreover, we show that these cotraveling stromal cells provide an early growth advantage to the accompanying metastatic cancer cells in the lungs. Consistent with this hypothesis, we demonstrate that partial depletion of the carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, which spontaneously spread to the lung tissue along with metastatic cancer cells, significantly decreases the number of metastases and extends survival after primary tumor resection. Finally, we show that the brain metastases from lung carcinoma and other carcinomas in patients contain carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, in contrast to primary brain tumors or normal brain tissue. Demonstration of the direct involvement of primary tumor stroma in metastasis has important conceptual and clinical implications for the colonization step in tumor progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016234107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,23]],"date-time":"2010-11-23T00:41:46Z","timestamp":1290472906000},"page":"21677-21682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":549,"title":["Malignant cells facilitate lung metastasis by bringing their own soil"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Dan G.","family":"Duda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annique M. M. J.","family":"Duyverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edwin L. 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