{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:31:26Z","timestamp":1793809886871,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The production of the staphylococcal exotoxin toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) by\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been associated with essentially all cases of menstruation-associated toxic shock syndrome (TSS). In this work, we show that the human vaginal isolate\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    RC-14 produces small signaling molecules that are able to interfere with the staphylococcal quorum-sensing system\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a key regulator of virulence genes, and repress the expression of TSST-1 in\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    MN8, a prototype of menstrual TSS\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. Quantitative real-time PCR data showed that transcription from the P\n                    <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter, as well as the P2 and P3 promoters of the\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    system from all four\n                    <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n                    subgroups of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was strongly inhibited in response to growth with\n                    <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    RC-14 cultural supernatant. Alterations in the transcriptional levels of two other virulence-associated regulators\n                    <jats:italic>sarA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>saeRS<\/jats:italic>\n                    were also observed, indicating a potential overall influence of\n                    <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    RC-14 signals on the production of virulence factors in\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter-\n                    <jats:italic>lux<\/jats:italic>\n                    reporter strains were used to screen biochemically fractionated\n                    <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    RC-14 supernatant, and the cyclic dipeptides cyclo(\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -Phe-\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -Pro) and cyclo(\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -Tyr-\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -Pro) were identified as the signaling molecules. The results from this work contribute to a better understanding of interspecies cell-to-cell communication between\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and provide a unique mechanism by which endogenous or probiotic strains may attenuate virulence factor production by bacterial pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017431108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]],"date-time":"2011-01-31T23:07:07Z","timestamp":1296515227000},"page":"3360-3365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["<i>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/i>\n                    -produced cyclic dipeptides quench\n                    <i>agr<\/i>\n                    -mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in staphylococci"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Jingru","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey X.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Magarvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John K.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1;"},{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6A 4V2; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92274-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198012183032501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198012183032502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","article-title":"Toxic shock syndrome toxin","volume":"2","author":"Bergdoll MS","year":"1984","unstructured":"MS Bergdoll, PM Schlievert, Toxic shock syndrome toxin. 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