{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:32:18Z","timestamp":1790937138177,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]]},"abstract":"\n One of the two essential virulence factors of\n Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n is the poly-\u03b3-\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -glutamic acid (\u03b3DPGA) capsule. Five \u03b3DPGA-specific antibody antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) were generated from immunized chimpanzees. The two selected for further study, Fabs 11D and 4C, were both converted into full-length IgG1 and IgG3 mAbs having human IgG1 or IgG3 constant regions. These two mAbs had similar binding affinities, in vitro opsonophagocytic activities, and in vivo efficacies, with the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses reacting similarly. The mAbs bound to \u03b3DPGA specifically with estimated binding affinities (\n K<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n ) of 35\u201370 nM and effective affinities (effective\n K<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n ) of 0.1\u20130.3 nM. The LD\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n in an opsonophagocytic bactericidal assay was \u224810 ng\/mL of 11D or 4C. A single 30-\u03bcg dose of either mAb given to BALB\/c mice 18 h before challenge conferred about 50% protection against a lethal intratracheal spore challenge by the virulent\n B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n Ames strain. More importantly, either mAb given 8 h or 20 h after challenge provided significant protection against lethal infection. Thus, these anti-\u03b3DPGA mAbs should be useful, alone or in combination with antitoxin mAbs, for achieving a safe and efficacious postexposure therapy for anthrax.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017677108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,27]],"date-time":"2010-12-27T20:45:14Z","timestamp":1293482714000},"page":"739-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pre- and postexposure protection against virulent anthrax infection in mice by humanized monoclonal antibodies to\n Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n capsule"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Zhaochun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Schneerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program on Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Lovchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Rick","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongdong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program on Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kubler-Kielb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program on Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Leppla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00302-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3626-3634.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.22.7765-7772.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.49.2.291-297.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.2.722-730.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01710.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.52.2.454-458.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(91)90053-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(91)90237-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"477","article-title":"The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. 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