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Here we show that alleles of the hedgehog pathway receptor\n                    <jats:italic>Patched1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Ptch1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene are responsible for adaptive variation in the shape of the lower jaw both within and among genera of Lake Malawi cichlid fish. The evolutionarily derived allele of\n                    <jats:italic>Ptch1<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduces the length of the retroarticular (RA) process of the lower jaw, a change predicted to increase speed of jaw rotation for improved suction-feeding. The alternate allele is associated with a longer RA and a more robustly mineralized jaw, typical of species that use a biting mode of feeding. Genera with the most divergent feeding morphologies are nearly fixed for different\n                    <jats:italic>Ptch1<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleles, whereas species with intermediate morphologies still segregate variation at\n                    <jats:italic>Ptch1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thus, the same alleles that help to define macroevolutionary divergence among genera also contribute to microevolutionary fine-tuning of adaptive traits within some species. Variability of craniofacial morphology mediated by\n                    <jats:italic>Ptch1<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphism has likely contributed to niche partitioning and ecological speciation of these fishes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018456108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T00:02:29Z","timestamp":1311638549000},"page":"13194-13199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Craniofacial divergence and ongoing adaptation via the hedgehog pathway"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Reade B.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Craig","family":"Albertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244; and"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Kocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4594.268","article-title":"Neural crest and the origin of vertebrates: A new head","volume":"220","author":"Gans C","year":"1983","unstructured":"C Gans, RG Northcutt, Neural crest and the origin of vertebrates: A new head. 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