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Most of these cases are caused by genotype 3, which is endemic in swine, and these cases are thought to be zoonotically acquired. However, transmission routes are not well understood. HEV that infect humans are divided into nonzoonotic (types 1, 2) and zoonotic (types 3, 4) genotypes. HEV cell culture is inefficient and limited, and thus far HEV has been cultured only in human cell lines. The HEV strain Kernow-C1 (genotype 3) isolated from a chronically infected patient was used to identify human, pig, and deer cell lines permissive for infection. Cross-species infections by genotypes 1 and 3 were studied with this set of cultures. Adaptation of the Kernow-C1 strain to growth in human hepatoma cells selected for a rare virus recombinant that contained an insertion of 174 ribonucleotides (58 amino acids) of a human ribosomal protein gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018878108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,25]],"date-time":"2011-01-25T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1295917762000},"page":"2438-2443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":324,"title":["Cross-species infections of cultured cells by hepatitis E virus and discovery of an infectious virus\u2013host recombinant"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Molecular Hepatitis and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanh T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Molecular Hepatitis and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udana","family":"Torian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Molecular Hepatitis and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald E.","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Viruses, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Faulk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Viruses, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry R.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Environment and Human Health,"},{"name":"Universities of Plymouth and Exeter, and"},{"name":"Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Bendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Environment and Human Health,"},{"name":"Universities of Plymouth and Exeter, and"},{"name":"Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances E.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Environment and Human Health,"},{"name":"Universities of Plymouth and Exeter, and"},{"name":"Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Viruses, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne U.","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Molecular Hepatitis and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2003.11.018","article-title":"Hepatitis E in pregnancy","volume":"85","author":"Kumar A","year":"2004","unstructured":"A Kumar, M Beniwal, P Kar, JB Sharma, NS Murthy, Hepatitis E in pregnancy. 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