{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:58:53Z","timestamp":1788508733592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The protective antigen (PA) moiety of anthrax toxin forms oligomeric pores that translocate the enzymatic moieties of the toxin\u2014lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF)\u2014across the endosomal membrane of mammalian cells. Here we describe site-directed spin-labeling studies that identify interactions of LF with the prepore and pore conformations of PA. Our results reveal a direct interaction between the extreme N terminus of LF (residues 2\u20135) and the \u03a6-clamp, a structure within the lumen of the pore that catalyzes translocation. Also, consistent with a recent crystallographic model, we find that, upon binding of the translocation substrate to PA, LF helix \u03b11 separates from helices \u03b12 and \u03b13 and binds in the \u03b1-clamp of PA. These interactions, together with the binding of the globular part of the N-terminal domain of LF to domain 1\u2032 of PA, indicate that LF interacts with the PA pore at three distinct sites. Our findings elucidate the state from which translocation of LF and EF proceeds through the PA pore.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018965108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,25]],"date-time":"2011-01-25T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1295917762000},"page":"1868-1873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Interactions of anthrax lethal factor with protective antigen defined by site-directed spin labeling"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Jennings-Antipov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and"},{"name":"Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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