{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:30:26Z","timestamp":1781101826102,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A mathematical model is developed to analyze the transmission of inhalational anthrax through the postal system by cross-contamination of mail. The model consists of state vectors describing the numbers of cross-contaminated letters generated, the numbers of anthrax spores on these letters, the numbers of resulting infections in recipients, and matrices of transition probabilities acting on these vectors. The model simulates the recent outbreak in the United States, and provides a general framework to investigate the potential impact of possible future outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.102691499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:46:49Z","timestamp":1027680409000},"page":"7027-7032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Mailborne transmission of anthrax: Modeling and implications"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Glenn F.","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235; and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY 10016"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235; and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY 10016"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7973702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/294254a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.30.3.657-659.1966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800068497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.51.3.795-800.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1558","volume":"26","author":"Lincoln R","year":"1967","unstructured":"R Lincoln, J S Walker, F Klein, A J Rosenwald, W I Jones Fed Proc 26, 1558\u20131562 (1967).","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","volume-title":"Textbook of Military Medicine","author":"Friedlander A M","year":"1997","unstructured":"A M Friedlander Textbook of Military Medicine (Office of the Surgeon General, Rockville, MD, 1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"877","volume":"50","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 50, 877 (2001).","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"1077","volume":"50","author":"Lustig N","year":"2001","unstructured":"N Lustig, K Spargo, W Carver, M Cartter, J Garcia, D M Barden, D R Mayo, K A Kelley, J Hadler, G DiFerdinando, et al. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 50, 1077\u20131079 (2001).","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18910.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"1049","volume":"50","author":"Quentzel H","year":"2001","unstructured":"H Quentzel, S Spear, L Barakat, N Lustig, K Spargo, M Cartter, J Garcia, D M Barden, D R Mayo, K A Kelley, et al. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 50, 1049\u20131051 (2001).","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","volume-title":"Mathematical Models for the Growth of Human Populations","author":"Pollard J H","year":"1973","unstructured":"J H Pollard Mathematical Models for the Growth of Human Populations (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1973)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","volume-title":"Introduction of the Mathematics of Population","author":"Keyfitz N","year":"1968","unstructured":"N Keyfitz Introduction of the Mathematics of Population (Addisson\u2013Wesley, Reading, MA, 1968)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"Matrix Population Models","author":"Caswell H","year":"2000","unstructured":"H Caswell Matrix Population Models (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rickmeier G. McClellan G. & Anno G. (2001) Mil. Oper. Res. 6 N.3 35\u201347.","DOI":"10.5711\/morj.6.3.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacKenzie D. (2001) New Sci. Online News 18:10 December 14.","DOI":"10.1080\/08940880108261153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/4.6.1096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"961","volume":"50","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 50, 961 (2001).","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800049773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.4.706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0803.010286"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.102691499","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T20:01:25Z","timestamp":1649793685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.102691499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,14]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.102691499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.102691499","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-05-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}