{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:28:28Z","timestamp":1781108908241,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Noncytopathic RNA viruses persist in their natural hosts at various levels as highly mutating quasispecies. They exhibit only one known serotype. In most inbred DBA\/2 mice infected with 2 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    or 2 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    plaque-forming units (pfu) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), the virus is transiently controlled below detectable levels measured with conventional assays (&lt;1.7 pfu), but reemerges despite a common neutralizing Ab (nAb) response. Wild-type virus and cloned mutant viruses that had escaped polyclonal nAb responses\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced nAb titers in new hosts that were usually cross-reactive; some sera were highly specific for certain mutants. The few mice that controlled LCMV infection for &gt;170 days produced not only nAb against wild-type but also variably against many other mutants isolated from other mice with reemerging viremia. When DBA\/2 mice were immunized and boosted with 200 pfu of a LCMV mutant, the neutralizing Ab response was limited to the immunizing \u201cpersonal\u201d clone. Thus, in contrast to classical serotype-defined cytopathic viruses (e.g., polio viruses) that induce strictly non-cross-reactive nAb titers, LCMV, a noncytopathic RNA virus, represents a dynamic multiplicity of personal serological submutants. Together, these mutants form a generally recognized \u201cpublic\u201d serotype. These findings may help to explain aspects of human infections and Ab responses against hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1031671100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,13]],"date-time":"2003-05-13T14:28:41Z","timestamp":1052836121000},"page":"6015-6020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Public versus personal serotypes of a viral quasispecies"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Hunziker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and University Hospital Basel, Internal Medicine, Clinic A, Petersgraben 4, 4021 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Ciurea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and University Hospital Basel, Internal Medicine, Clinic A, Petersgraben 4, 4021 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Recher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and University Hospital Basel, Internal Medicine, Clinic A, Petersgraben 4, 4021 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hengartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and University Hospital Basel, 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