{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:00:06Z","timestamp":1791064806580,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"37","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A major class of bacterial small, noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) acts by base-pairing with mRNAs to alter the translation from and\/or stability of the transcript. Our laboratory has shown that Hfq, the chaperone that mediates the interaction of many sRNAs with their targets, is required for the virulence of the enteropathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This finding suggests that sRNAs play a critical role in the regulation of virulence in this pathogen, but these sRNAs are not known. Using a deep sequencing approach, we identified the global set of sRNAs expressed in vitro by\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Sequencing of RNA libraries from bacteria grown at 26 \u00b0C and 37 \u00b0C resulted in the identification of 150 unannotated sRNAs. The majority of these sRNAs are\n                    <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic>\n                    specific, without orthologs in either\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Six sRNAs are\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    specific and are absent from the genome of the closely related species\n                    <jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We found that the expression of many sRNAs conserved between\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    differs in both timing and dependence on Hfq, suggesting evolutionary changes in posttranscriptional regulation between these species. Deletion of multiple sRNAs in\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    leads to attenuation of the pathogen in a mouse model of yersiniosis, as does the inactivation in\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    of a conserved,\n                    <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific sRNA in a mouse model of pneumonic plague. Finally, we determined the regulon controlled by one of these sRNAs, revealing potential virulence determinants in\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    that are regulated in a posttranscriptional manner.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101655108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,29]],"date-time":"2011-08-29T22:04:21Z","timestamp":1314655461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Global discovery of small RNAs in\n                    <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/i>\n                    identifies\n                    <i>Yersinia<\/i>\n                    -specific small, noncoding RNAs required for virulence"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Jovanka T.","family":"Koo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevis M.","family":"Alleyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea A.","family":"Schiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadereh","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wyndham W.","family":"Lathem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404012101"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01046-09"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2009.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","article-title":"Bacterial small RNA regulators: Versatile roles and rapidly evolving variations","author":"Gottesman S","year":"2010","unstructured":"S Gottesman, G Storz, Bacterial small RNA regulators: Versatile roles and rapidly evolving variations. 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