{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:11:07Z","timestamp":1793020267872,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"34","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sequence analyses of fungal genomes have revealed that the potential of fungi to produce secondary metabolites is greatly underestimated. In fact, most gene clusters coding for the biosynthesis of antibiotics, toxins, or pigments are silent under standard laboratory conditions. Hence, it is one of the major challenges in microbiology to uncover the mechanisms required for pathway activation. Recently, we discovered that intimate physical interaction of the important model fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    with the soil-dwelling bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces rapamycinicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    specifically activated silent fungal secondary metabolism genes, resulting in the production of the archetypal polyketide orsellinic acid and its derivatives. Here, we report that the streptomycete triggers modification of fungal histones. Deletion analysis of 36 of 40 acetyltransferases, including histone acetyltransferases (HATs) of\n                    <jats:italic>A. nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , demonstrated that the Saga\/Ada complex containing the HAT GcnE and the AdaB protein is required for induction of the orsellinic acid gene cluster by the bacterium. We also showed that Saga\/Ada plays a major role for specific induction of other biosynthesis gene clusters, such as sterigmatocystin, terrequinone, and penicillin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that the Saga\/Ada-dependent increase of histone 3 acetylation at lysine 9 and 14 occurs during interaction of fungus and bacterium. Furthermore, the production of secondary metabolites in\n                    <jats:italic>A. nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is accompanied by a global increase in H3K14 acetylation. Increased H3K9 acetylation, however, was only found within gene clusters. This report provides previously undescribed evidence of Saga\/Ada dependent histone acetylation triggered by prokaryotes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103523108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]],"date-time":"2011-08-09T02:20:00Z","timestamp":1312856400000},"page":"14282-14287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":335,"title":["Bacteria-induced natural product formation in the fungus\n                    <i>Aspergillus nidulans<\/i>\n                    requires Saga\/Ada-mediated histone acetylation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Hans-Wilhelm","family":"N\u00fctzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aMolecular and Applied Microbiology and"},{"name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazmid","family":"Reyes-Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences and"},{"name":"Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Health and Environment Department, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin","family":"Scherlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomolecular Chemistry, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Schroeckh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aMolecular and Applied Microbiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group: Systems Biology\/Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology\u2013Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Gacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences and"},{"name":"Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Health and Environment Department, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Sch\u00fcmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomolecular Chemistry, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hertweck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomolecular Chemistry, and"},{"name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences and"},{"name":"Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Health and Environment Department, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel A.","family":"Brakhage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aMolecular and Applied Microbiology and"},{"name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.3.547-585.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio0805-122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b704420h"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2008.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00683-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2008.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252607699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65408-0","article-title":"Five new members of the Streptomyces violaceusniger 16S rRNA gene clade: Streptomyces castelarensis sp. nov., comb. nov., Streptomyces himastatinicus sp. nov., Streptomyces mordarskii sp. nov., Streptomyces rapamycinicus sp. nov. and Streptomyces ruanii sp. nov","volume":"58","author":"Kumar Y","year":"2008","unstructured":"Y Kumar, M Goodfellow, Five new members of the Streptomyces violaceusniger 16S rRNA gene clade: Streptomyces castelarensis sp. nov., comb. nov., Streptomyces himastatinicus sp. nov., Streptomyces mordarskii sp. nov., Streptomyces rapamycinicus sp. nov. and Streptomyces ruanii sp. nov. 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