{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:24:28Z","timestamp":1792027468031,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling is required for morphogenesis of the ventral optic cup and closure of the choroid fissure, but the mechanisms by which this pathway regulates ventral eye development remain controversial and poorly understood. Although previous studies have implicated neural crest\u2013derived periocular mesenchyme (POM) as the critical target of RA action in the eye, we show here that RAR signaling regulates choroid fissure closure in zebrafish by acting on both the ventral optic cup and the POM. We describe RAR-dependent regulation of eight genes in the neuroepithelial cells of the ventral retina and optic stalk and of six genes in the POM and show that these ventral retina\/optic stalk and POM genes function independently of each other. Consequently, RAR signaling regulates ventral eye development through two independent, nonredundant mechanisms in different ocular tissues. Furthermore, the identification of two cohorts of genes implicated in ventral eye morphogenesis may help to elucidate the genetic basis of ocular coloboma in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103802108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]],"date-time":"2011-05-10T02:10:02Z","timestamp":1304993402000},"page":"8698-8703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Retinoic acid receptor signaling regulates choroid fissure closure through independent mechanisms in the ventral optic cup and periocular mesenchyme"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lupo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Gestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross M.","family":"Denton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshantha A. 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